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Aphorisms

Hippocrates

translated by Francis Adams (1886)

1In cases of chronic lientery, acid eructations supervening when there were none previously, is a good symptom.

2Persons whose noses are naturally watery, and their seed watery, have rather a deranged state of health; but those in the opposite state, a more favorable.

3In protracted cases of dysentery, loathing of food is a bad symptom, and still worse, if along with fever.

4Ulcers, attended with a falling off of the hair, are mali moris.

5It deserves to be considered whether the pains in the sides, and in the breasts, and in the other parts, differ much from one another.

6Diseases about the kidneys and bladder are cured with difficulty in old men.

7Pains occurring about the stomach, the more superficial they are, the more slight are they; and the less superficial, the more severe.

8In dropsical persons, ulcers forming on the body are not easily healed.

9Broad exanthemata are not very itchy.

10In a person having a painful spot in the head, with intense cephalalgia, pus or water running from the nose, or by the mouth, or at the ears, removes the disease.

11Hemorrhoids appearing in melancholic and nephritic affections are favorable.

12When a person has been cured of chronic hemorrhoids, unless one be left, there is danger of dropsy or phthisis supervening.

13Sneezing coming on, in the case of a person afflicted with hiccup, removes the hiccup.

14In a case of dropsy, when the water runs by the veins into the belly, it removes the disease.

15In confirmed diarrhoea, vomiting, when it comes on spontaneously, removes the diarrhoea.

16A diarrhoea supervening in a confirmed case of pleurisy or pneumonia is bad.

17It is a good thing in ophthalmy for the patient to be seized with diarrhoea.

18A severe wound of the bladder, of the brain, of the heart, of the diaphragm, of the small intestines, of the stomach, and of the liver, is deadly.

19When a bone, cartilage, nerve, the slender part of the jaw, or prepuce, are cut out, the part is neither restored, nor does it unite.

20If blood be poured out preternaturally into a cavity, it must necessarily become corrupted.

21In maniacal affections, if varices or hemorrhoids come on, they remove the mania.

22Those ruptures in the back which spread down to the elbows are removed by venesection.

23If a fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection.

24If any of the intestines be transfixed, it does not unite.

25It is not a good sign for an erysipelas spreading outwardly to be determined inward; but for it to be determined outward from within is good.

26In whatever cases of ardent fever tremors occur, they are carried off by a delirium.

27Those cases of empyema or dropsy which are treated by incision or the cautery, if the water or pus flow rapidly all at once, certainly prove fatal.

28Eunuchs do not take the gout, nor become bald.

29A woman does not take the gout, unless her menses be stopped.

30A young man does not take the gout until he indulges in coition.

31Pains of the eyes are removed by drinking pure wine, or the bath, or a fomentation, or venesection, or purging.

32Persons whose speech has become impaired are likely to be seized with chronic diarrhoea.

33Persons having acid eructations are not very apt to be seized with pleurisy.

34Persons who have become bald are not subject to large varices; but should varices supervene upon persons who are bald, their hair again grows thick.

35Hiccup supervening in dropsical cases is bad.

36Venesection cures dysuria; open the internal veins of the arm.

37It is a good symptom when swelling on the outside of the neck seizes a person very ill of quinsy, for the disease is turned outwardly.

38It is better not to apply any treatment in cases of occult cancer; for, if treated, the patients die quickly; but if not treated, they hold out for a long time.

39Convulsions take place either from repletion or depletion; and so it is with hiccup.

40When pains, without inflammation, occur about the hypochondria, in such cases, fever supervening removes the pain.

41When pus formed anywhere in the body does not point, this is owing to the thickness of the part.

42In cases of jaundice, it is a bad symptom when the liver becomes indurated.

43When persons having large spleens are seized with dysentery, and if the dysentery pass into a chronic state, either dropsy or lientery supervenes, and they die.

44When ileus comes on in a case of strangury, they prove fatal in seven days, unless, fever supervening, there be a copious discharge of urine.

45When ulcers continue open for a year or upward, there must necessarily be exfoliation of bone, and the cicatrices are hollow.

46Such persons as become hump-backed from asthma or cough before puberty, die.

47Persons who are benefited by venesection or purging, should be bled or purged in spring.

48In enlargement of the spleen, it is a good symptom when dysentery comes on.

49In gouty affections, the inflammation subsides in the course of forty days.

50When the brain is severely wounded, fever and vomiting of bile necessarily supervene.

51When persons in good health are suddenly seized with pains in the head, and straightway are laid down speechless, and breathe with stertor, they die in seven days, unless fever come on.

52We must attend to the appearances of the eyes in sleep, as presented from below; for if a portion of the white be seen between the closed eyelids, and if this be not connected with diarrhaea or severe purging, it is a very bad and mortal symptom.

53Delirium attended with laughter is less dangerous than delirium attended with a serious mood.

54In acute diseases, complicated with fever, a moaning respiration is bad.

55For the most part, gouty affections rankle in spring and in autumn.

56In melancholic affections, determinations of the humor which occasions them produce the following diseases; either apoplexy of the whole body, or convulsion, or madness, or blindness.

57Persons are most subject to apoplexy between the ages of forty and sixty.

58If the omentum protrude, it necessarily mortifies and drops off.

59In chronic diseases of the hip-joint, if the bone protrude and return again into its socket, there is mucosity in the place.

60In persons affected with chronic disease of the hip-joint, if the bone protrude from its socket, the limb becomes wasted and maimed, unless the part be cauterized.